Generate sine, square, triangle, and sawtooth waveforms. Mix signals, apply AM/FM modulation, and view time/frequency domains.
Signal Generator & Visualizer creates the four classic test waveforms - sine, square, triangle, sawtooth - from the frequencies and amplitudes you set, and draws each result twice: as a time plot (amplitude against time) and as a frequency plot (the spectrum of the component frequencies). Signals can be mixed together or used to modulate a carrier with AM or FM. The thing most people get wrong is reading one view alone: a clean square wave is secretly an infinite ladder of odd harmonics, and AM sidebands are completely invisible in the time plot.
A concrete input and expected output from the current implementation.
Input
Carrier: sine, 1000 Hz, amplitude 1. Modulator: sine, 100 Hz. AM on, depth 50%.
Expected output
Time view: a 1000 Hz sine whose envelope swells between 0.5 and 1.5, breathing 100 times per second. Frequency view: three lines - 1000 Hz at height 1, plus sidebands at 900 Hz and 1100 Hz, each at height 0.25.
At depth m, AM produces sidebands at f_c +/- f_m with amplitude m/2 of the carrier, so 0.5/2 = 0.25. The envelope spans 1 +/- m, hence 0.5 to 1.5, and a 100 Hz modulator places the sidebands 100 Hz either side of the carrier.
Each generator is evaluated at evenly spaced instants across the time window you view: a sine makes one smooth oscillation per period, a square wave flips between +A and -A, a triangle ramps linearly up then down, and a sawtooth ramps up and snaps back to zero. Mixing adds the generators point by point, which is why two close sines show the slow swelling envelope of a beat.
The frequency view decomposes the sampled signal into its component frequencies - the same analysis that turns a recorded sound into a spectrum. A pure sine is a single line. A 50%-duty square wave is a comb of odd harmonics at 3f, 5f, 7f, ... with heights 1/3, 1/5, 1/7 of the fundamental; a sawtooth keeps every harmonic, which is why its spectrum looks denser and brighter.
A standard square wave contains only odd harmonics of the fundamental. Its spectrum has lines at 440, 1320, 2200, and 3080 Hz (k = 1, 3, 5, 7) with heights 1, 1/3, 1/5, 1/7 of the fundamental; the even multiples at 880 and 1760 Hz are exactly zero. A triangle wave has the same odd-only structure with even faster decay.
No. It generates and plots waveforms and their spectra; it does not render audio you can hear or produce audio files you can download. If you need audible output, take the same frequency, amplitude, and waveform settings into a DAW, tone generator, or the Web Audio API, which implements the same four oscillator shapes.
The example and behavioral notes were checked against the browser implementation. Standards and primary references below define the relevant format, formula, or platform behavior.
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