The servings ratio
The multiplier is the target servings divided by the original: going from 4 servings to 10 uses 10/4 = 2.5, so a 1/2 cup becomes 1.25 cups. The same ratio applies to every ingredient, so the proportions between ingredients never change. When the recipe has no serving count, a direct multiplier - double, triple, halve - does the identical arithmetic.