Interactive Enigma machine simulation with configurable rotors, reflectors, and plugboard. Encrypt messages like WWII operators.
Set up a historical Enigma configuration and watch plaintext become ciphertext as the rotor windows advance. The simulator lets you select rotor identities and order, a reflector, starting positions, ring settings, and plugboard swaps, so each result belongs to one complete machine state. The usual surprise is that repeated input letters normally produce different output letters because the rotors move between keypresses. A ciphertext is reproducible only when every setting and the original starting position are restored exactly.
A concrete input and expected output from the current implementation.
Input
Text: AAAAA Rotors, left to right: I II III Reflector: B Ring settings: A A A Starting positions: A A A Plugboard: none
Expected output
BDZGO
This is a standard Enigma I test configuration. The first keypress advances the right rotor from A to B, and successive advances give each repeated A a different electrical path.
On a standard three-rotor setup, the right rotor steps before a letter is enciphered. Notch positions can also advance the middle and left rotors, producing the characteristic middle-rotor double step. The signal travels through the plugboard, across the rotors from right to left, through the reflector, back through the inverse rotor paths, and through the plugboard again.
Rotor order determines which fixed wiring occupies the left, middle, and right slots. Ring settings rotate each wiring relative to its alphabet ring, while window positions define the starting rotational state. Plugboard pairs exchange letters both before and after the rotor path. The reflector makes the transformation reciprocal and prevents a standard Enigma configuration from mapping a letter to itself.
Yes. Enigma's reflector makes enciphering reciprocal, so entering the ciphertext with the identical configuration recovers the plaintext. You must first reset the rotors to the original starting positions. Continuing from the positions left after encryption will not decrypt the message, and a single incorrect plugboard pair or ring setting changes the result.
No. This simulator represents a historical rotor cipher for study, demonstrations, and compatible puzzle work. Enigma has structural restrictions, a historically tractable key system, and well-documented cryptanalytic weaknesses. Use a current, reviewed encryption scheme for real security rather than treating a complex-looking Enigma ciphertext as modern protection.
The example and behavioral notes were checked against the browser implementation. Standards and primary references below define the relevant format, formula, or platform behavior.
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