Base64 to XML
A SAMLResponse is the response XML encoded as base64, so the core step is reversing that encoding: map the base64 alphabet back to the original bytes, then parse the resulting document. Parsing yields a tree the tool can walk, and it extracts the elements SSO debugging depends on - StatusCode, Issuer, Subject and NameID, Conditions, AuthnStatement and Attributes - while also showing a pretty-printed copy of the full XML.