Two artifacts, one contract
RFC 8461 couples a DNS TXT record with an HTTPS-hosted policy file. A sending server first reads the TXT record at _mta-sts.yourdomain, which carries the current policy id, then fetches the policy from https://mta-sts.yourdomain/.well-known/mta-sts.txt over a certificate-validated TLS connection. Only when both succeed does the policy take effect; any failure leaves the domain treated as if it had no policy.